Structure of Chapter One – Introduction

We started by giving a short introduction to Linux-based operating systems and their background and we will provide a basic overview of the parts of a computer system, be it a server or a personal computer, before delving into systems that operate on Linux.

At this point, it is important to note that Linux is not an operating system in itself, but a kernel written in the C programming language. It is the strong element that links software applications to hardware.

From the numerous Linux-based distributions, we will opt for Debian GNU/Linux since it is a widely-used open-source distribution (aka distro) in modern data centers, providing desktop and server functionalities.

After considering other popular distros, we will include instances from Mabox Linux as a representative of the Arch Linux branch and Fedora LXQt Spin. To showcase all three operating systems (OS), we will utilize a freely available hypervisor, Oracle VM Virtual Box, compatible with Linux, Windows, and Mac OS.

Finally, this chapter will also discuss the hardware components, the operating systems and the installation process via Oracle VM Virtual Box.

Linux overall

Due to its open-source nature, Linux has minimal implementation expenses and provides excellent reliability and security features. The idea behind open-source is that the source code is visible, can be copied, and modified by anyone. Anybody can obtain the most recent Linux kernel.

A Linux distribution consists of the kernel, system applications, and various other software applications that cooperate with each other. A distribution can be tailored for a particular use (embedded systems, real-time applications, etc.) or can be a universal distribution.